Complete world information

K2-18 b

K2-18 b is scientifically important for atmospheric chemistry but its 2.37-Earth radius and high mass make an Earth-like solid surface doubtful.

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Scientific status

No exoplanet is confirmed habitable or inhabited. Habitable-zone position only means that liquid surface water could be possible under the right atmospheric conditions. Rate the Earth percentages are editorial comparison scores, not scientific probabilities.

Rate the Earth habitability percentages are editorial comparison scores, not scientific proof of habitability or life.
NASA-inspired Hycean artist conceptAtmosphere-rich ocean-world concept
Rate the Earth habitability comparison38%
Optimistic atmospheric candidate — likely sub-Neptune or Hycean-type world
Probability of other life32%
Atmosphere of interest
Distance modelApprox. 124 light-years

The listed value is the approximate present distance from Earth. Interstellar destinations move, but the difference is negligible compared with the enormous journey time at current spacecraft speeds.

One-way light time124 years

Minimum delay for information travelling at light speed.

Round-trip communication248 years

Approximate send-and-reply delay before processing time.

Real mission comparisonBeyond current mission capability

No spacecraft has travelled to this system

Host systemK2-18Open the complete star-system information page →

Life potential

Could other life exist on K2-18 b?

K2-18 b is not an Earth twin, but its atmospheric observations and possible water-rich environment keep it in active astrobiology discussion.

Editorial probability of other life32%
Atmosphere of interest

Why this score?

  • Atmospheric observations make the world scientifically important.
  • Its size suggests a complex environment rather than a simple rocky Earth clone.
  • Whether stable liquid-water conditions exist remains uncertain.

The score is an editorial and intentionally conservative estimate.

Complete data sheet

Everything listed for K2-18 b

Measured values, estimates, discovery information and the main uncertainties are shown together below.

WorldK2-18 b
ClassificationAtmosphere-rich sub-Neptune
Host systemK2-18
Host starM-type red dwarf
Distance from EarthApprox. 124 light-years
Radius2.37 × Earth
Mass8.92 × Earth
GravityHigher than Earth
AtmosphereHydrogen-rich atmosphere with carbon-bearing molecules under study
TemperatureTemperate equilibrium; surface state unknown
Orbital period32.9 days
Discovery year2015
Discovery methodTransit
Habitability statusOptimistic atmospheric candidate — likely sub-Neptune or Hycean-type world
Candidate classificationPotentially habitable candidate — not confirmed habitable
Image statusNo resolved surface image; displayed visual is a labelled artist concept
DistanceAbout 124 light-years
RadiusAbout 2.37 × Earth
MassAbout 8.92 × Earth
Orbital periodAbout 32.9 days

Travel calculation

How long would the journey take?

Straight-line arithmetic is compared with real mission history. Actual trajectories depend on orbital mechanics, acceleration, braking, launch windows and gravity assists.

At light speed124 years299,792 km/s

A physical reference only. A spacecraft with mass cannot reach light speed.

At 10% of light speed1,240 years29,979 km/s — hypothetical

No operational spacecraft can sustain this interstellar cruise speed.

At 1% of light speed12,400 years2,998 km/s — hypothetical

Still far beyond current spacecraft propulsion.

At Parker Solar Probe peak193,392 yearsAbout 692,000 km/h

Parker reaches this speed only very close to the Sun; it is not an interstellar cruise speed.

At New Horizons launch speed2.29 million yearsAbout 58,536 km/h

A comparison using a real high-energy launch from Earth.

At Voyager 1 speed2.19 million yearsAbout 61,200 km/h

A practical comparison with a spacecraft already moving into interstellar space.

Research guide

What we know, and what we do not know

What is directly known

The planet itself is not resolved as a detailed globe. Its existence and properties are inferred mainly through transit, together with measurements of the host star.

What remains unknown

Surface geography, oceans, continents, clouds and living organisms have not been directly observed. Atmosphere and composition may also remain uncertain.

What is known

K2-18 b has a measured radius about 2.37 Earths, a mass near 8.9 Earths and a 32.9-day orbit.

Habitability limits

Its deep atmosphere may separate any ocean from space under pressures unlike Earth, so habitable-zone location does not imply an accessible surface.

Why it stands out

It is among the best-studied temperate exoplanet atmospheres and a major target for JWST chemistry measurements.

Primary catalog source: NASA Science